What are the benefits of copper?

Our Dr. Dean has stated that:

Copper is important in red and white blood cell formation; it is found in most antibodies; it is necessary for creating the color and texture of your hair: it is responsible for the elasticity of your skin through the production of elastin, which cross-links with collagen in connective tissue.

Copper functions as a constituent of several antioxidant enzymes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and cytochrome oxidase are the most important ones. Cytochrome oxidase is involved in the final step in the electron transport chain, occurring in mitochondria that creates ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main energy source in our cells. ATP is also identified as ATP- Mg, which acknowledges magnesium’s role in making energy.

Copper also plays a role in histamine imbalance. When copper is low, histamine can become elevated.

How do I know I need copper?

The following is from the National Institute of Health's Copper Fact Sheet:

Copper deficiency is uncommon in humans. Based on studies in animals and humans, the effects of copper deficiency include anemia, hypopigmentation, hypercholesterolemia, connective tissue disorders, osteoporosis and other bone defects, abnormal lipid metabolism, ataxia, and increased risk of infection. 

In laypeople's terms, you would see the effects in loss of hair and skin health, iron deficiency, and loss of connective tissue and bone health.